Japan’s railway system is a testament to the nation’s dedication to precision, efficiency, and hospitality. With a vast array of train types, from the world-renowned Shinkansen bullet trains to the extensive network of JR trains, the rail system is an integral part of Japanese culture and daily life. In this post, Designer Journeys will delve into the various train categories, explore the ease and cost of train travel, and highlight Japan’s most scenic routes.
Post Contents
History of Train Travel in Japan
Rise of the Shinkansen and JR Group
The origins of train travel in Japan date back to 1872, when the railway between Tokyo and Yokohama was introduced. This began a transformative journey in Japanese transport, setting the foundation for future innovations.
The launch of the Shinkansen bullet trains in 1964 revolutionized travel, epitomizing speed and convenience and heralding a new era for the Japanese railway. Over time, the JR group evolved, with entities like JR East spearheading expansions and modernizations that shaped the current landscape of Japanese rail travel, including the pivotal Tokaido Shinkansen line connecting Tokyo and Kyoto.
Train Types and Related Terms
Bullet Trains/Shinkansen
The Shinkansen, often called bullet trains, are the fastest way to travel between major cities in Japan. The most famous Shinkansen line is the Tokaido Shinkansen, which connects Tokyo, Nagoya, Kyoto, and Osaka. These trains are renowned for their punctuality, comfort, and speed, reaching up to 320 km/h. The Shinkansen network extends through several other key routes, including the Sanyo and Tohoku lines, efficiently catering to both commuters and tourists.
The signature bullet train of Japan.
JR (Japan Railways) Specific
The JR group, formed after the privatization of the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) in 1987, consists of several regional companies, including JR East, JR Central, and JR West. These companies manage the majority of intercity rail travel in Japan, including the Shinkansen lines. The JR Pass, available to foreign tourists, allows unlimited travel on most JR trains for a fixed duration, including select Shinkansen services. This pass is especially valuable for tourists planning to travel extensively across the country.
Train Categories
Apart from the high-speed Shinkansen, the Japanese train network includes several other categories:
- Local Trains: These trains stop at every station along the route, making them essential for accessing more remote areas.
- Limited Express Trains: These are faster than local trains, do not stop at all stations, and often require an additional fee beyond the standard fare.
- Joyful Trains: Themed trains offering unique experiences, often decorated and providing special services that cater to niche tourism.
- Scenic Railways: Trains specifically routed through picturesque areas to provide an enhanced viewing experience of Japan’s natural beauty.
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What is the Most Scenic Train Journey in Japan?
Japan boasts numerous train routes that offer mesmerizing views and a unique travel experience, but one journey stands out for its iconic scenery and historical significance: the route from Tokyo to Kyoto via the Tokaido Shinkansen. This high-speed train ride cuts through the heart of Japan’s main island, Honshu, and offers passengers a spectacular view of Mount Fuji, Japan’s tallest and most sacred volcano.
Tokyo to Kyoto Route
This route is particularly famous for the breathtaking views of Mount Fuji, which can be seen from the right-hand side of the train when travelling westward. The best times to catch a glimpse of Fuji-san are during the colder months when the skies are clearer. The journey also passes through beautiful urban and rural landscapes, including the cities of Yokohama, Nagoya, and Shizuoka, each offering a glimpse into the diverse setting of modern and traditional Japan.
Other Scenic Routes
- Hokkaido Shinkansen (Tokyo to Hakodate): This route takes you from Tokyo’s urban landscapes up north to Hokkaido’s wild, rugged terrains. The journey perfectly blends sea and landscapes, especially as the train runs alongside the Pacific coast.
- Seto Ohashi Line (Okayama to Shikoku): Traveling across the Seto Inland Sea via a series of bridges and islands, this route connects Japan’s main island of Honshu with the island of Shikoku, providing stunning views of one of Japan’s most picturesque areas.
- Gono Line (Northern Honshu): For those who prefer rugged coastlines and remote landscapes, the Gono Line offers views of the dramatic coastline of northern Honshu, with its small fishing villages and rugged cliffs.
These journeys, each unique in their offerings, underscore Japan’s commitment to integrating modernity with the natural beauty of its landscapes. Whether one seeks the swift efficiency of the Shinkansen or the leisurely charm of a coastal route, Japan’s railways provide a window to its soul.
Cost of Train Travel in Japan
Understanding the costs associated with train travel in Japan can help you budget your trip more effectively, especially since the range of options and ticket types can vary widely based on distance, speed, and comfort level.
Types of Train Services
- Local and Regional Trains are the most cost-effective option for short distances. Fares typically start at around 130 yen for the first few kilometres and gradually increase with distance.
- Express Trains: Express trains offer faster services than local trains, but express trains charge an additional fee on top of the base fare. This fee also increases with distance, but you can expect to pay an average of 500 to 1,500 yen extra, depending on your route.
- Shinkansen (Bullet Trains): Japan’s fastest and most popular long-distance travel option. For example, a trip from Tokyo to Kyoto costs approximately 13,000 yen one-way in ordinary cars.
Example Route Costs
- Tokyo to Kyoto: As mentioned, expect to pay around 13,000 yen for a one-way ticket on the Shinkansen.
- Tokyo to Osaka: A similar long-distance journey on the Shinkansen will cost about 14,500 yen one-way.
- Kyoto to Hiroshima: A one-way trip on the Shinkansen costs approximately 10,800 yen.
These prices reflect the convenience and speed of train travel in Japan, making it a favoured option despite the cost. You can buy it on the official Japan Rail Pass website.
Across Japan: The 14-Day Rail Pass
Pricing and Benefits:
For those planning extensive travel across Japan, purchasing a 14-day Japan Rail Pass can be a cost-effective decision.
Current Pricing:
As of the latest update, a 14-day ordinary Japan Rail Pass costs approximately 47,250 yen. There is also a first-class option, known as the Green Car, available for about 61,200 yen.
Benefits:
- Unlimited Travel: The pass allows unlimited travel on JR trains nationwide, including most Shinkansen services.
- Flexibility: With the pass, you can hop on and off trains at your leisure, exploring multiple cities and regions without the hassle of purchasing individual tickets.
- Additional Services: Some services, like seat reservations, are included at no extra charge, which can be a significant advantage during busy travel periods.
Detailed 14-Day Itinerary Using the Japan Rail Pass
Days 1-3: Tokyo Exploration
Day 1: Start your Japanese adventure in Tokyo, the bustling capital that offers a unique mix of the ultra-modern and the traditional. Kick-off with a visit to the Tokyo Tower for panoramic city views. Then, head to the historic Asakusa district to explore Senso-ji Temple, Tokyo’s oldest temple, known for its vibrant gates and bustling shopping streets. Utilize the Yamanote Line to travel easily between districts.
The vibrant of Tokyo through Shibuya Crossing.
Day 2: Discover Harajuku, the heart of youth fashion and culture. Wander through Takeshita Street, famous for its unique boutiques and trendy snacks. Later, move to Shibuya to witness the iconic Shibuya Crossing and visit the nearby Meiji Shrine, a peaceful respite from the city’s hustle. Both areas are easily accessible via the Yamanote Line.
Day 3: Visit the Imperial Palace and its beautifully landscaped gardens in the city’s heart. Spend your afternoon in the upscale shopping district of Ginza. Conclude your day in Shinjuku, experiencing its vibrant nightlife, including bars and izakayas.
Day 4: Day Trip to Nikko
Take a break from the metropolitan vibe and travel to Nikko, a small town north of Tokyo, renowned for its World Heritage sites and stunning natural scenery. Visit the Toshogu Shrine, a lavishly decorated shrine dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa shogunate. Explore the scenic beauty of Kegon Falls and Lake Chuzenji, particularly during autumn when the foliage is a blaze of colour.
The shrines and temples of Nikko are known for their architectural and decorative masterpieces.
Days 5-6: Hakone for Natural Beauty
Day 5: Depart Tokyo for Hakone, a town famous for its hot springs and views of Mount Fuji. Visit Owakudani, an active volcanic valley where you can enjoy eggs boiled in natural hot springs. The area offers a unique experience with its sulfur vents, hot springs, and views of Mount Fuji on clear days.
Hakone, a town famous for its hot springs and views of Mount Fuji.
Day 6: Enjoy a peaceful cruise on Lake Ashi, famous for its views of Mount Fuji set against the lake. Spend the afternoon relaxing in an onsen (hot spring bath). Then, explore the Hakone Open Air Museum, which combines outdoor sculptures with scenic views.
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Days 7-8: Immersive Kyoto Culture
Day 7: After arriving in Kyoto via Shinkansen, head to the Arashiyama district in the western part of the city. Wander through the Bamboo Grove, visit Tenryu-ji Temple, and possibly see macaques at Iwatayama Monkey Park. In the evening, explore downtown Kyoto and visit Nishiki Market to sample local food.
Nishiki Market is known as Kyoto Kitchen.
Day 8: Temples and Traditions Dedicate this day to visiting some of Kyoto’s most iconic temples. Start with Kiyomizu-dera, famous for its wooden stage and panoramic views of the city. Walk through the historic streets of Higashiyama, leading up to Maruyama Park and Yasaka Shrine. Conclude with a sunset view from Kinkaku-ji, the Golden Pavilion.
Day 9: Historical Nara
Travel to Nara, which is a short train ride from Kyoto. Visit Todai-ji Temple, home to one of Japan’s largest bronze Buddha statues. Spend time in Nara Park, mingling with the free-roaming deer, and explore other shrines and temples dotted throughout the park, such as Kasuga-Taisha.
Mingling with the free-roaming deer in Nara Park.
Days 10-11: Hiroshima and Miyajima Insight
Day 10: Directly travels from Kyoto to Hiroshima using the Shinkansen. Spend your day at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park and Museum, reflecting on the sobering history of the city. Explore Hiroshima Castle and the Shukkeien Garden for a peaceful afternoon.
The famous floating torii gate of Itsukushima Shrine.
Day 11: Take a short train ride and a ferry trip to Miyajima Island, famous for its floating torii gate of Itsukushima Shrine. Explore the island’s hiking trails, sample local street food like oysters and Momiji manju, and enjoy the serene atmosphere.
Day 12: Kanazawa’s Historical Gems
Catch a Shinkansen to Kanazawa, known for its well-preserved Edo-era districts, art museums, and regional handicrafts. Visit Kenrokuen Garden, one of Japan’s beautiful landscape gardens, and stroll through the Higashi Chaya district, where you can experience a traditional tea house and meet geisha performers.
Kenrokuen Garden, one of Japan’s beautiful landscape gardens.
Day 13: Takayama’s Traditional Charm
Travel to the mountainous region of Gifu Prefecture to explore Takayama, a town that retains a traditional touch like few other Japanese cities. Visit the Takayama Jinya, a former government house of the Edo period, and wander through the old town known for its sake breweries and morning markets.
Walk through the old town Takayama known for its sake breweries and morning markets.
Day 14: Return to Tokyo
Conclude your journey with a return trip to Tokyo. Depending on your flight schedule, you might have time for a quick visit to Yokohama, just south of Tokyo, to visit the CupNoodles Museum and the futuristic Minato Mirai district.
Visit the futuristic Minato Mirai district before leaving Japan.
Practical Tips for Train Travel in Japan
Navigating the extensive rail network of Japan can be a seamless experience with a little preparation and an understanding of local customs. Here are some practical tips to enhance your train travel:
Navigating Stations and Trains
- Station Navigation: Japanese train stations can be vast and complex. Look for English signage, which is commonly available in major cities and on popular tourist routes. Station maps near entrances and platforms help you find your way. If you’re ever in doubt, station staff are incredibly helpful, though it’s beneficial to learn a few phrases in Japanese to communicate basic questions.
- Train Schedules: Trains in Japan are known for their punctuality. Check train times using reliable apps like HyperDia or Google Maps, which also provide platform information and transfer options.
- Reserved vs Non-Reserved Seats: For long journeys on the Shinkansen and certain express trains, you have the option to reserve seats. While it’s possible to board with non-reserved tickets, having a reserved seat can provide peace of mind, especially during peak travel times like holidays and festival periods.
Luggage and Etiquette
- Handling Luggage: Space for large luggage is limited on many trains. Consider sending larger bags to your next destination using a luggage forwarding service, commonly known as takuhaibin, which is reliable and reasonably priced.
- Train Etiquette: Japanese trains are remarkably clean and quiet. It’s expected that you talk quietly and set your phone to silent mode. Eating is generally acceptable on long-distance trains but less so on urban commutes.
Additional Tips
- Using the Rail Pass: Always carry your passport, as station staff may occasionally ask to see it along with your rail pass.
- Connectivity: Consider renting a portable Wi-Fi device or purchasing a SIM card to stay connected and access travel information while on the move.
- Safety: Japan is known for its safety, but always keep an eye on your belongings, especially in crowded places.
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Train travel in Japan is an exceptional way to explore the country’s diverse landscapes. The convenience and efficiency of Japan’s rail system make it an ideal choice for those who want to immerse themselves in a rich cultural experience. Plan your trip, book your rail pass, and prepare for an unforgettable adventure. Explore the depth of Japan’s heritage, beauty, and welcoming culture. Safe travels, and enjoy your journey through the land of the rising sun!
